What is considered a systematic error in test results known as?

A systematic error in test results is referred to as bias. Bias occurs when there is a consistent deviation from the true value in one direction across multiple measurements. This could arise from various factors, such as flaws in the measurement method, equipment calibration issues, or environmental influences affecting the results. Because the error consistently skews the results in a particular direction, it leads to inaccurate conclusions about the measurements involved.

In scientific testing and analysis, recognizing and addressing bias is crucial for ensuring the reliability and validity of results. Detecting bias can be more challenging than random errors because it does not vary unpredictably; instead, it remains consistently present during tests. Therefore, it's essential to implement corrective measures, such as improving calibration or refining testing protocols, to mitigate bias and enhance the accuracy and reliability of tests.